Further than you will be able to hit one!
It all depends on your skill, the weather, the backstop, the bullet etc, but if you are knew to rifle shooting, practice and practice on a target at different ranges and different positions and in different weather conditions, and you will soon get an idea of what you the rifle and the ammo can do.
If I cant hit a 5cm circle at a given distance, I wont try whacking a fox at it. Same with a deer but you have a slightly larger kill zone for me.