Worried About Mange

[fox digger 1,086]

I've used crovect in the past with no problems but now I use ivormectin (pour on).

I did however have a lurcher that had a really bad reaction to ivormec years ago and nearly died as a result.

The lurcher was a collie cross and I was told afterwards that ivormec can't be used on dogs with collie in there makeup, I've no idea why or how true this is but it seemed feasible in my case.

 

 

yea that is seeming true lucky. ive heard alot of different folk say about the ivormec pour on and not being suitable for collies. ive had it on a couple of lurchers in the past that had a bit of collie in them and no hassle with them but as i said the collie was well diluted in them. noromectin is the same more a less to the ivormectin as far as im aware... im sure a farmer on here could educate us better.

Edited January 21, 2014 by fox digger

[fox digger 1,086]

yea lucky i checked it out, ivermec/ivermectin and noromectin are the very same but noromectin is alot cheaper. check the link here.

 

 

https://www.alpacanation.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=9660

 

the following is an article where they tested its use on dogs and had perfect results. (very long winded)!! it kills all living parasites on or in the dog, fleas, ticks, mite and most types of worms.

 

 

Topical (pour-on) ivermectin in the treatment of canine scabies

 

Manon Paradis, Caroline de Jaham, Nadia Page

 

 

Abstract - The efficacy of a pour-on formulation of ivermectin at 500 pg/kg body weight applied on the dorsum on days 1 and 15 was evaluated in 90 dogs from a shelter, naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei. This very practical form of treatment was successful in eradicating scabies from this shelter.

 

Resume -Efficacite de l'ivermectin, solution a verser, dans le traitement de Ia gale sarcoptique canine. L'efficacite de l'ivermectin, solution a verser, applique sur le dos aux jours 1 et 15 a Ia dose de 500 pg/kg de poids corporel a ete evalue chez 90 chiens d'un refuge naturellement infecte par

Sarcoptes scabiei. Ce traitement tres pratique a permis }'eradication du parasite de ce refuge.

(Traduit par docteur Andre Blouin)

 

 

Can Vet J 1997; 38:379-382

 

 

C

anine scabies is a nonseasonal, intensely pruritic, highly contagious, cutaneous infestation caused

 

by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var canis. Approved treatment by means of acaricidal dips (lime sulfur, ami­

traz) is often a tedious task, particularly when large numbers of animals are involved (1-3). The extra-label use of ivermectin, administered either SC or PO, has

tremendously facilitated the clinical management of this condition (4-6).

In 1990, a topical ivermectin formulation became

commercially available for eradicating endo- and ecto­ parasites in cattle. This 0.5%, alcohol-based, pour-on formulation of ivermectin (Ivomec pour-on for cattle, Merck AGVET, Pointe-Claire, Quebec), administered at a dose of 500 pg/kg body weight (BW), appears equiv­ alent in efficacy and identical in cost to the 1% injectable ivermectin solution (Ivomec for cattle, sheep and swine, Merck AGVET), administered at a dose of 200 pg/kg BW, SC, but the former is a much more practical form of therapy in that species. This cutaneous formulation has an approved claim for Chorioptes bovisand Sarcoptes scabiei var bovis, and for the control of the hom-fly, Haematobia irritans, for a period of 5 wk after appli­ cation (7-9).

The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation of ivermectin in the treatment of canine scabies.

Ninety dogs of an initial population of 120 dogs pre­ sumably naturally infested with S. scabiei participated in this trial. With the exception of a boxer and an Old

English sheepdog, all dogs were mixed-breeds with several of German shepherd and retriever lineage. They consisted of 67 males and 53 females, approximately

70% of which had been neutered. Age ranged from approximately 3 mo to 10 y, with a mean age of 2 y. Mean body weight was 25 kg.

 

 

Departement de sciences cliniques, Faculte de medecine veterinaire, Universite de Montreal, CP 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec) J2S 7C6.

Reprints are not available.

 

 

 

 

The clinical signs of canine sarcoptic mange varied among dogs and were estimated to be severe in 15 dogs, moderate in 70 dogs, and mild in 35 dogs. The clinical signs varied from i) intense pruritus and diffuse alope­ cia, papules, crusting, excoriation, and erythema to ii) moderate pruritus and erythematous papular dermatitis confined to the pinnae, elbows, tarsus, and ventral por­ tion of the thorax, to iii) mild pruritus with minimal or no skin lesions. Apparently, the excessive pruritus had started insidiously in a few dogs approximately 3 mo pre­ viously and was getting progressively worse; it affected the vast majority of the dogs at the time of our initial visit. All dogs appeared otherwise healthy on physical examination, with the exception of one German shepherd cross with relatively mild facial skin lesions, compatible with an autoimmune skin disease (either discoid lupus erythematosus or pemphigus erythematosus).

The dogs were confined in a shelter that was divided

into 35 pens containing from 2 to 5 dogs/pen, based on

social and behavioral compatibility. Twice a day, dogs were let free in the same fenced yard in groups of 30 to

50 dogs, so all dogs had possible contact with each other. In addition, approximately 4 new dogs entered the facilities and 4 dogs left the facilities each week of the

study. Since the majority of the new dogs were puppies,

they were more likely to be adopted than the "older residents" of the shelter, hence 90 of the 120 dogs present on day 1 of the trial were still at the shelter at the end of the study (day 150). Because it was impossible to avoid the introduction of new dogs into the shelter or likewise the departure of dogs, or to confme the new dogs in an isolated area, all dogs entering or departing the shelter during the trial were treated with 1% injectable ivermectin at the dose of 300 pg/kg BW, administered SC, and the treatment was repeated 2 wk later.

The pens had concrete floors that were cleaned daily with warm water. No acaricidal products were applied in the environment during the 150 d of the trial. During the study, all dogs were fed dry commercial dog food and water, free choice. Additional systemic or topical med­ ications, other than the 1 reported here were not admin­ istered during the trial.

 

Table 1. Various commercially available ivermectin formulations

 

 

Route of administration

 

Species

Ivermectin concentration

 

Formulation

Dose rate

(as labelled)

Subcutaneous•

Bovine, Ovine, Porcine

1% w/v

Nonaqueous solution

200 )lg/kg

200 )lg/kg

300 )lg/kg

 

Oral drenchb

Ovine

Caprine

0.08% w/v

Propylene glycol base

200 )lg/kg

 

Topical (pour-on)"

Bovine

0.5% w/v

Isopropyl alcohol

500 )lg/kg

 

Oral solutiond

Equine

1% w/v

Aqueous micellar solution

200 )lg/kg

 

Oral paste'

 

Equine

1.87% w/v

Propylene glycol base

200 )lg/kg

 

Oral tablets or chewablef

 

Canine

68, 136, or 272

)lg/tablet

Beef base

(in the chewable)

6 )lg/kg

 

Oral chewableg

 

Canine

68, 136, or 272

)lg/tablet

Beef base

(combined with

6 )lg/kg

 

 

 

pyrantel pamoate)

 

 

Oral tabletsh

 

Human

6 mg/tablet

 

!50 )lg/kg

'lvomec for cattle and sheep and swine (Merck AGVET, Pointe Claire, Quebec)

bJvomec oral drench for goat and sheep (Merck AGVET)

'lvomec pour-on for cattle (Merck AGVET)

dEqvalan oral solution for horses (Merck AGVET)

'Eqvalan oral paste for horses (Merck AGVET) (Avoid using in small animals, because precise dosing is difficult)

'Heartgard-30 tablets or chewable (Merck AGVET)

•Heartgard-30 Plus chewable (Merck AGVET)

'Mectizan (Merck Frosst. Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA) (Donated to the 3rd world countries for human

onchocercosis)

 

 

 

All120 dogs were treated on day 1 and on day 15 with the alcohol-based, 0.5% topical (pour-on) formulation of ivermectin at a dose of 500 pg/kg BW (0.1 mL/kg). This was applied along the dorsal midline in a narrow strip in areas where no crusts or active mange lesions were present. The owner of the shelter was aware of the experimental nature of the treatment and possible adverse reaction in some dogs, and signed a release form.

On days 1, 15, 30, and 150, all dogs were evaluated

clinically to establish the severity of clinical lesions. On day 1, 30 skin scrapings were taken from 3 severely affected dogs. One adult S. scabiei mite and 4 eggs were found. This was sufficient to confirm the etiology of the epidemic pruritic skin problem in this group of dogs. Because of the notorious difficulty in finding

S. scabiei mites and eggs on skin scrapings, scrapings were not taken on subsequent rechecks. Instead, reso­ lution of pruritus and skin lesions was used to monitor the efficacy of the treatment.

On days 1, 15, 30, and 150, approximately 20 stool samples were collected at random from different pens to perform fecal flotations to look for scabies mites or eggs, and to assess the degree of endoparasite infestation in the shelter, before and during the trial with pour-on ivermectin.

On day 15, a substantial clinical improvment was noted in all dogs, based on a marked decrease in the over­ all degree of pruritus and skin lesions. According to the dogs' caretakers, a marked decrease in pruritus was already noticed in all dogs approximately 7 to 10 d after the administration of the 1st treatment.

At day 30, clinical remission was observed in all but

2 dogs, as assessed by a lack of pruritus, evidence of hair

growth, and a lack of erythema and crusting of the skin. The 2 affected dogs had skin lesions compatible with superficial pyoderma, and showed complete heal­ ing following administration of cephalexin (Novo-Lexin, Novopharm, Scarborough, Ontario) 30 mg/kg BW, PO, q12h for 3 wk.

At day 150, there were no clinical signs of scabies in

any of the 90 dogs that were living at the shelter on day 1. No S. scabiei mites or eggs were found on fecal flotations. Ascarids were found in 50%, 8%, 6%, and 8% of the stool samples collected on days 1, 15, 30, and 150,

respectively. Hookworms were found in 13% of the

stool samples on day 1 and in none of the samples on days 15, 30, and 150.

All treatments were easily administered and did not induce untoward behavioral or adverse reactions.

Several topical or systemic acaricidal compounds are used for the treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs. Among those, lime sulfur and amitraz dips are widely used. The former is safe and effective, but it has an

unpleasant odor and can stain jewelry and light-colored hair coats. The latter is an approved treatment for the condition in Canada but not the United States (1-3). In general, dips are recommended q7d (lime sulfur) or q14d (amitraz) for 4 to 6 wk. Clipping is recommended for dogs with long or dense coats to allow better skin contact with the acaricidal compound (1,2). Because this topical approach is labor intensive, especially when large numbers of dogs are involved, and because it is not

 

 

always effective or tolerated, therapeutic alternatives have been sought (4-6,10,11). Ivermectin and, more recently, milbemycin oxime (Interceptor, Ciba-Geigy, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA), both marketed as a once-a­ month heartworm preventive, have been used as a sys­ temic acaricide in canine scabies (4-6,10,11). These off-label uses of ivermectin and milbemycin oxime and offer effective therapeutic alternatives for dogs with scabies. However, milbemycin is expensive, and iver­ mectin, when administered SC, is inconvenient when large numbers of dogs are involved.

lvermectin is used commercially for the broad­

spectrum control of nematode and arthropod parasites in domestic animals (7-9). Table 1 summarizes various formulations of ivermectin that are currently registered for use in cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, dogs, and humans. In dogs, ivermectin (Heartgard, Merck AGVET)

is only licensed for the prevention of dirofilariasis at the dosage of 6 Jlg/kg BW, PO, once a month. Broad-spectrum activity (Sarcoptes scabiei, Otodectes cynotis, Cheyletiella yasguri, and gastrointestinal nematodes) can be obtained with extra-label dosage with ivermectin formulations marketed for other species (4-6); but ivermectin is not approved for those uses, because of possible idiosyncratic reactions in collies and possibly other breeds, such as, Australian shepherds, Old English sheepdogs, and Shetland sheepdogs or their crosses. Common signs of acute toxicity include ataxia, tremors, mydriasis, salivation, depression, and in severe cases, coma and death (4-7).

The preparation most commonly used extra-label in dogs for the treatment of endo- and ectoparasites is the injectable product for cattle, sheep, and swine (Table 1), a 1% nonaqueous solution comprising 60% propylene glycol: 40% glycerol formal (v/v). Although experi­ mental reports have indicated that single, SC, doses of 200 Jlg/kg BW are effective for canine scabies, it is usually given PO or SC at the dose of 200 to 400 Jlg/kg BW every 14 d until the condition resolves (1-5).

A cutaneous (topical; pour-on) formulation of iver­

mectin was developed for catttle as a clear blue, alcohol­ based, solution that is poured along the back of cattle to penetrate the skin and give systemic drug delivery. In order to achieve systemic concentrations sufficient to control gastrointestinal worms and lungworms, the dose (500 Jlg/kg BW) is higher than that of other formulations (200 Jlg/kg BW) in that species. As with the injectable formulation, the ivermectin persists in vivo long enough to provide a measure of prophylaxis against incoming nematode larvae (7-9). Pharmacokinetic data for this pour-on product have been compared with those of the oral product in goats (12). Caprine percutaneous admin­ istration of ivermectin at 500 Jlg/kg BW produced a lower peak concentration in plasma some 36 h later than did oral dosing at 200 Jlg/kg BW. Although the per­ sistance of the drug in plasma was prolonged after per­ cutaneous administration, the systemic availability of ivermectin was significantly lower than after oral admin­ istration (12). In goats, the area under the plasma con­ centration-time curve (AUC) was significantly larger after oral administration at the dose of 200 Jlg/kg BW than after topical administration at 500 Jlg/kg BW, even though plasma clearance was faster after oral adminis­ tration (12).

The half-life and the peak plasma concentration of the pour-on formulation and the formulation administered PO or SC are not known in dogs. The pharmacokinetics of the various ivermectin formulations and various routes of administration in this species require further investigation. The present study was done to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the pour-on formulation in the treatment of scabies in dogs. Because of the apparent suc­ cess obtained in our dogs, we can assume that there is a reasonable degree of systemic absorption and/or cuta­ neous dispersion, and we should therefore assume, until proven otherwise, that the systemic concentration obtained with the pour-on is sufficient to induce idio­ syncratic reaction in susceptible dogs. We should, there­ fore, use the same precautions as when using off-label ivermectin SC or PO in dogs.

The dose and frequency of administration of the

pour-on ivermectin used in the present study appeared effective in the treatment of canine scabies, and was suf­ ficient to eradicate the mites from dogs in the shelter. Although a single SC administration of ivermectin has been effective against sarcoptic mange in dogs (5),

2 applications were used in the present study. However,

further studies should be conducted to evaluate if a single application is sufficient to eradicate scabies

infestation.

The design of the study (the setting of the shelter) pre­

cluded the evaluation of the effectiveness of pour-on iver­ mectin against gastrointestinal nematodes. Indeed, because new dogs were introduced to the shelter at

1 time or another during the 150 d of the trial, and since stool samples were collected at random from dif­

ferent pens, it was impossible to be sure that the samples came from dogs treated on day 1 and 15 with the pour-on ivermectin. Nevertheless, the results from flotations

performed through the study revealed a progressive decrease in the number of positive fecal samples. There­ fore, these findings should encourage further studies to evaluate the efficacy of the pour-on ivermectin in the treatment of intestinal nematodes in dogs.

The cost of the treatment regimen reported here is

equivalent to the cost of injectable ivermectin admin­ istered twice at the dose of 200 Jlg/kg BW, SC or PO. It is easily administered and does not require the use of a sterile needle for each dog or induce pain at the site of injection. Therefore, it provides a very practical and well tolerated alternative to administration of the injectable

compound PO or SC and is much less labor intensive than acaricidal dips, which require clipping of long or dense pelage prior to application. cvJ

 

References

I. Scott DW, Miller WH Jr, Griffin CE. Muller and Kirk's Small

Animal Dermatology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1995:

417--432.

2. Griffin CE. Scabies. In: Griffin CE, Kwochka KW, MacDonald JM, eds. Current Veterinary Dermatology: The Art and Science of Therapy. St-Louis, Missouri: Mosby YearBook, 1993:90-95.

3. Moriello KA. Treatment of Sarcoptes and Cheyletiella infestations. In: Kirk RW, Bonagura JD, eds. Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XI, Small Animal Practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders,

1992: 558-560.

4. Paradis M. Ivermectin in small animal dermatology. In: Kirk RW, ed. Current Veterinary Therapy X, Small Animal Practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1989: 560-563.

 

 

5. Yazwinski TA, Pote L, Tilley W, Rodrigues C, Greenway T. Efficacy of ivermectin against Sarcoptes scabiei and Otodectes cynotis infestations in dogs. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1981;

76: 1749-1751.

6. Scheidt VJ, Medleau L, Seward RL, Schwartzman RM. An eval­

uation of ivermectin in the treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1984; 45: 1201-1204.

7. Campbell WC. Ivermectin, an antiparastic agent. Med Res Rev

1993; 13:61-79.

8. Marley SE, Hall RD, Corwin RM. Ivermectin cattle pour-on:

Duration of a single late spring treatment against horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) in Missouri, USA. Vet Parasitoll993; 51: 167-172.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BOOK REVIEW

 

 

 

 

 

Fowler ME. Wildlife Husbandry and Diseases, vol. 15, no. I. Office International des Epizooties, Paris, France,

 

Edited January 21, 2014 by fox digger

[sikastag_1 689]

Aye lucky I heard that aswell collies or any dog with collie in there make up is a no no.

 

I'd just go for advocate mate think its about £6 a dose and it does loads of things be carefull though if you've put ivomec on I'd speak to the vet first you don't want to put too much stuff on that's supposed to do your dog for a month so you might not be able to just put advocate straight on.

[paulus 26]

is it possible that someone injected a little to much into a collie back in the day and now history is made, unless someone on here has genuinely had a reaction that was not a natural thing like an allergy that can be found with any treatment and can effect most dog types then it would seem this is a myth passed on by word of mouth rather than seen by ones own eyes

[lucky 578]

I treated 4 lurchers at the same time with ivormec only 1 of them contained collie blood and that was the one that had the bad reaction and nearly died.

They were all given the correct doses aswell, maybe it is a myth but in my case it seemed to prove it wasn't.

[Barralad 40]

 

I treated 4 lurchers at the same time with ivormec only 1 of them contained collie blood and that was the one that had the bad reaction and nearly died.

They were all given the correct doses aswell, maybe it is a myth but in my case it seemed to prove it wasn't.

 

 

Some dog breeds, such as Shetland Sheepdogs, Collies, Old English Sheepdogs and Australian Shepherds, can experience a sensitivity to ivermectin. As per my previous post, an alternative for these breeds is milbemycin, a heartworm-preventative medication.

[paulus 26]

I treated 4 lurchers at the same time with ivormec only 1 of them contained collie blood and that was the one that had the bad reaction and nearly died.

They were all given the correct doses aswell, maybe it is a myth but in my case it seemed to prove it wasn't.

could just have been a coincidence. i know a a sheep farmer who does his pure collies with it,

[fox digger 1,086]

as ive said i have done my lurchers with it and there is some small bit of collie in some of them. noromectin pour on is alot cheaper than ivermection pour on and it is the exact same stuff. my last bottle cost about 40 quid and it went out of date before i used it all!! it will literally dose hundreads of dogs per bottle. about a 5year expiry date i think.

 

 

Edited January 21, 2014 by fox digger

[planete 120]

I think some collies are sensitive but not all of them. Something to do with their particular genetic make-up:

 

Ivermectin toxicity in Collies
The phenomenon of ivermectin toxicity in Collies was first described in 1983. Ivermectin causes neurologic toxicity in some, but not all Collies, at doses that are 1/200th of the dose required to cause toxicity in other dogs. Neurologic manifestations of ivermectin in susceptible dogs include, hypersalivation, ataxia, blindness, coma, respiratory compromise, and death.

A test is now available for drug sensitivity.

Despite numerous investigations during the 1980's and 1990's, the cause of this peculiar breed susceptibility was not elucidated. Recently, a veterinarian at WSU discovered that the cause of ivermectin sensitivity in Collies is a deletion mutation in the MDR1 gene. The MDR1 gene encodes a large transmembrane protein, P-glycoprotein, that is an integral part of the blood-brain barrier. P-glycoprotein functions in a protective capacity to transport a variety of drug substrates, including ivermectin, from brain tissue back into capillaries. Other drugs that are substrates for P-glycoprotein include loperamide (Immodium®), digoxin, ondansetron, many chemotherapeutic drugs including vincristine, vinblastine, and doxorubicin, and other drugs. Collies have been documented to be susceptible to neurotoxicity induced by some of these drugs also.

A test is now available to determine if Collies are homozygous for the deletion mutation (i.e., display the ivermectin-sensitive phenotype), heterozygous for the deletion mutation (carriers) or homozygous for the normal gene sequence.

Ongoing research is directed at determining if other breeds that have been reported to be sensitive to ivermectin (Australian Shepherds, Shelties, Border Collies, and Old English Sheepdogs) have a similar mutation.

Last Edited: Jul 17, 2009 3:30 PM